/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *  Copyright 2009 Taro L. Saito
 *
 *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
//--------------------------------------
// XerialJ
//
// JSONTokener.java
// Since: 2009/04/23 0:46:57
//
// $URL$
// $Author$
//--------------------------------------
package org.xerial.json.impl;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.StringReader;

import org.xerial.json.JSONArray;
import org.xerial.json.JSONBoolean;
import org.xerial.json.JSONDouble;
import org.xerial.json.JSONErrorCode;
import org.xerial.json.JSONException;
import org.xerial.json.JSONInteger;
import org.xerial.json.JSONLong;
import org.xerial.json.JSONNull;
import org.xerial.json.JSONObject;
import org.xerial.json.JSONString;
import org.xerial.json.JSONValue;

/*
Copyright (c) 2002 JSON.org

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

The Software shall be used for Good, not Evil.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
*/

/**
 * A JSONTokener takes a source string and extracts characters and tokens from
 * it. It is used by the JSONObject and JSONArray constructors to parse JSON
 * source strings.
 * 
 * @author JSON.org
 * @version 2008-09-18
 */
public class JSONTokenizer
{

    private int index;
    private Reader reader;
    private char lastChar;
    private boolean useLastChar;

    /**
     * Construct a JSONTokener from a string.
     * 
     * @param reader
     *            A reader.
     */
    public JSONTokenizer(Reader reader)
    {
        this.reader = reader.markSupported() ? reader : new BufferedReader(reader);
        this.useLastChar = false;
        this.index = 0;
    }

    /**
     * Construct a JSONTokener from a string.
     * 
     * @param s
     *            A source string.
     */
    public JSONTokenizer(String s)
    {
        this(new StringReader(s));
    }

    /**
     * Back up one character. This provides a sort of lookahead capability, so
     * that you can test for a digit or letter before attempting to parse the
     * next number or identifier.
     */
    public void back() throws JSONException
    {
        if (useLastChar || index <= 0)
        {
            throw new JSONException(JSONErrorCode.InvalidJSONData, "Stepping back two steps is not supported");
        }
        index -= 1;
        useLastChar = true;
    }

    /**
     * Get the hex value of a character (base16).
     * 
     * @param c
     *            A character between '0' and '9' or between 'A' and 'F' or
     *            between 'a' and 'f'.
     * @return An int between 0 and 15, or -1 if c was not a hex digit.
     */
    public static int dehexchar(char c)
    {
        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
        {
            return c - '0';
        }
        if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
        {
            return c - ('A' - 10);
        }
        if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
        {
            return c - ('a' - 10);
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the source string still contains characters that next() can
     * consume.
     * 
     * @return true if not yet at the end of the source.
     */
    public boolean more() throws JSONException
    {
        char nextChar = next();
        if (nextChar == 0)
        {
            return false;
        }
        back();
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Get the next character in the source string.
     * 
     * @return The next character, or 0 if past the end of the source string.
     */
    public char next() throws JSONException
    {
        if (this.useLastChar)
        {
            this.useLastChar = false;
            if (this.lastChar != 0)
            {
                this.index += 1;
            }
            return this.lastChar;
        }
        int c;
        try
        {
            c = this.reader.read();
        }
        catch (IOException exc)
        {
            throw new JSONException(JSONErrorCode.InvalidJSONData, exc);
        }

        if (c <= 0)
        { // End of stream
            this.lastChar = 0;
            return 0;
        }
        this.index += 1;
        this.lastChar = (char) c;
        return this.lastChar;
    }

    /**
     * Consume the next character, and check that it matches a specified
     * character.
     * 
     * @param c
     *            The character to match.
     * @return The character.
     * @throws JSONException
     *             if the character does not match.
     */
    public char next(char c) throws JSONException
    {
        char n = next();
        if (n != c)
        {
            throw syntaxError("Expected '" + c + "' and instead saw '" + n + "'");
        }
        return n;
    }

    /**
     * Get the next n characters.
     * 
     * @param n
     *            The number of characters to take.
     * @return A string of n characters.
     * @throws JSONException
     *             Substring bounds error if there are not n characters
     *             remaining in the source string.
     */
    public String next(int n) throws JSONException
    {
        if (n == 0)
        {
            return "";
        }

        char[] buffer = new char[n];
        int pos = 0;

        if (this.useLastChar)
        {
            this.useLastChar = false;
            buffer[0] = this.lastChar;
            pos = 1;
        }

        try
        {
            int len;
            while ((pos < n) && ((len = reader.read(buffer, pos, n - pos)) != -1))
            {
                pos += len;
            }
        }
        catch (IOException exc)
        {
            throw new JSONException(JSONErrorCode.InvalidJSONData, exc);
        }
        this.index += pos;

        if (pos < n)
        {
            throw syntaxError("Substring bounds error");
        }

        this.lastChar = buffer[n - 1];
        return new String(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * Get the next char in the string, skipping whitespace.
     * 
     * @throws JSONException
     * @return A character, or 0 if there are no more characters.
     */
    public char nextClean() throws JSONException
    {
        for (;;)
        {
            char c = next();
            if (c == 0 || c > ' ')
            {
                return c;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Return the characters up to the next close quote character. Backslash
     * processing is done. The formal JSON format does not allow strings in
     * single quotes, but an implementation is allowed to accept them.
     * 
     * @param quote
     *            The quoting character, either <code>"</code>&nbsp;<small>(double
     *            quote)</small> or <code>'</code>&nbsp;<small>(single quote)</small>.
     * @return A String.
     * @throws JSONException
     *             Unterminated string.
     */
    public JSONString nextString(char quote) throws JSONException
    {
        char c;
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (;;)
        {
            c = next();
            switch (c)
            {
            case 0:
            case '\n':
            case '\r':
                throw syntaxError("Unterminated string");
            case '\\':
                c = next();
                switch (c)
                {
                case 'b':
                    sb.append('\b');
                    break;
                case 't':
                    sb.append('\t');
                    break;
                case 'n':
                    sb.append('\n');
                    break;
                case 'f':
                    sb.append('\f');
                    break;
                case 'r':
                    sb.append('\r');
                    break;
                case 'u':
                    sb.append((char) Integer.parseInt(next(4), 16));
                    break;
                case 'x':
                    sb.append((char) Integer.parseInt(next(2), 16));
                    break;
                default:
                    sb.append(c);
                }
                break;
            default:
                if (c == quote)
                {
                    return new JSONString(sb.toString());
                }
                sb.append(c);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the text up but not including the specified character or the end of
     * line, whichever comes first.
     * 
     * @param d
     *            A delimiter character.
     * @return A string.
     */
    public String nextTo(char d) throws JSONException
    {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (;;)
        {
            char c = next();
            if (c == d || c == 0 || c == '\n' || c == '\r')
            {
                if (c != 0)
                {
                    back();
                }
                return sb.toString().trim();
            }
            sb.append(c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the text up but not including one of the specified delimiter
     * characters or the end of line, whichever comes first.
     * 
     * @param delimiters
     *            A set of delimiter characters.
     * @return A string, trimmed.
     */
    public String nextTo(String delimiters) throws JSONException
    {
        char c;
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (;;)
        {
            c = next();
            if (delimiters.indexOf(c) >= 0 || c == 0 || c == '\n' || c == '\r')
            {
                if (c != 0)
                {
                    back();
                }
                return sb.toString().trim();
            }
            sb.append(c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the next value. The value can be a Boolean, Double, Integer,
     * JSONArray, JSONObject, Long, or String, or the JSONObject.NULL object.
     * 
     * @throws JSONException
     *             If syntax error.
     * 
     * @return An object.
     */
    public JSONValue nextValue() throws JSONException
    {
        char c = nextClean();
        String s;

        switch (c)
        {
        case '"':
        case '\'':
            return nextString(c);
        case '{':
            back();
            return new JSONObject(this);
        case '[':
        case '(':
            back();
            return new JSONArray(this);
        }

        /*
         * Handle unquoted text. This could be the values true, false, or
         * null, or it can be a number. An implementation (such as this one)
         * is allowed to also accept non-standard forms.
         *
         * Accumulate characters until we reach the end of the text or a
         * formatting character.
         */

        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        while (c >= ' ' && ",:]}/\\\"[{;=#".indexOf(c) < 0)
        {
            sb.append(c);
            c = next();
        }
        back();

        s = sb.toString().trim();
        if (s.equals(""))
        {
            throw syntaxError("Missing value");
        }
        return stringToValue(s);
    }

    /**
     * Try to convert a string into a number, boolean, or null. If the string
     * can't be converted, return the string.
     * 
     * @param s
     *            A String.
     * @return A simple JSON value.
     */
    public static JSONValue stringToValue(String s)
    {
        if (s.equals(""))
        {
            return new JSONString(s);
        }
        if (s.equalsIgnoreCase("true"))
        {
            return new JSONBoolean(true);
        }
        if (s.equalsIgnoreCase("false"))
        {
            return new JSONBoolean(false);
        }
        if (s.equalsIgnoreCase("null"))
        {
            return new JSONNull();
        }

        /*
         * If it might be a number, try converting it. We support the 0- and 0x-
         * conventions. If a number cannot be produced, then the value will just
         * be a string. Note that the 0-, 0x-, plus, and implied string
         * conventions are non-standard. A JSON parser is free to accept
         * non-JSON forms as long as it accepts all correct JSON forms.
         */

        char b = s.charAt(0);
        if ((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '.' || b == '-' || b == '+')
        {
            if (b == '0')
            {
                if (s.length() > 2 && (s.charAt(1) == 'x' || s.charAt(1) == 'X'))
                {
                    try
                    {
                        return new JSONInteger(Integer.parseInt(s.substring(2), 16));
                    }
                    catch (Exception e)
                    {
                        /* Ignore the error */
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    try
                    {
                        return new JSONInteger(Integer.parseInt(s, 8));
                    }
                    catch (Exception e)
                    {
                        /* Ignore the error */
                    }
                }
            }
            try
            {
                if (s.indexOf('.') > -1 || s.indexOf('e') > -1 || s.indexOf('E') > -1)
                {
                    return new JSONDouble(Double.valueOf(s));
                }
                else
                {
                    Long myLong = new Long(s);
                    if (myLong.longValue() == myLong.intValue())
                    {
                        return new JSONInteger(myLong.intValue());
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        return new JSONLong(myLong);
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception f)
            {
                /* Ignore the error */
            }
        }
        return new JSONString(s);
    }

    /**
     * Skip characters until the next character is the requested character. If
     * the requested character is not found, no characters are skipped.
     * 
     * @param to
     *            A character to skip to.
     * @return The requested character, or zero if the requested character is
     *         not found.
     */
    public char skipTo(char to) throws JSONException
    {
        char c;
        try
        {
            int startIndex = this.index;
            reader.mark(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
            do
            {
                c = next();
                if (c == 0)
                {
                    reader.reset();
                    this.index = startIndex;
                    return c;
                }
            }
            while (c != to);
        }
        catch (IOException exc)
        {
            throw new JSONException(JSONErrorCode.InvalidJSONData, exc);
        }

        back();
        return c;
    }

    /**
     * Make a JSONException to signal a syntax error.
     * 
     * @param message
     *            The error message.
     * @return A JSONException object, suitable for throwing
     */
    public JSONException syntaxError(String message)
    {
        return new JSONException(JSONErrorCode.InvalidJSONData, message + toString());
    }

    /**
     * Make a printable string of this JSONTokener.
     * 
     * @return " at character [this.index]"
     */
    public String toString()
    {
        return " at character " + index;
    }
}