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## org.apache.poi.util
Class BinaryTree

    java.lang.Object
      java.util.AbstractMap
          org.apache.poi.util.BinaryTree

All Implemented Interfaces:
  java.util.Map

    public class BinaryTree

extends java.util.AbstractMap

Red-Black tree-based implementation of Map. This class guarantees that the map will be in both ascending key order and ascending value order, sorted according to the natural order for the key's and value's classes.

This Map is intended for applications that need to be able to look up a key-value pairing by either key or value, and need to do so with equal efficiency.

While that goal could be accomplished by taking a pair of TreeMaps and redirecting requests to the appropriate TreeMap (e.g., containsKey would be directed to the TreeMap that maps values to keys, containsValue would be directed to the TreeMap that maps keys to values), there are problems with that implementation, particularly when trying to keep the two TreeMaps synchronized with each other. And if the data contained in the TreeMaps is large, the cost of redundant storage becomes significant.

This solution keeps the data properly synchronized and minimizes the data storage. The red-black algorithm is based on TreeMap's, but has been modified to simultaneously map a tree node by key and by value. This doubles the cost of put operations (but so does using two TreeMaps), and nearly doubles the cost of remove operations (there is a savings in that the lookup of the node to be removed only has to be performed once). And since only one node contains the key and value, storage is significantly less than that required by two TreeMaps.

There are some limitations placed on data kept in this Map. The biggest one is this:

When performing a put operation, neither the key nor the value may already exist in the Map. In the java.util Map implementations (HashMap, TreeMap), you can perform a put with an already mapped key, and neither cares about duplicate values at all ... but this implementation's put method with throw an IllegalArgumentException if either the key or the value is already in the Map.

Obviously, that same restriction (and consequence of failing to heed that restriction) applies to the putAll method.

The Map.Entry instances returned by the appropriate methods will not allow setValue() and will throw an UnsupportedOperationException on attempts to call that method.

New methods are added to take advantage of the fact that values are kept sorted independently of their keys:

Object getKeyForValue(Object value) is the opposite of get; it takes a value and returns its key, if any.

Object removeValue(Object value) finds and removes the specified value and returns the now un-used key.

Set entrySetByValue() returns the Map.Entry's in a Set whose iterator will iterate over the Map.Entry's in ascending order by their corresponding values.

Set keySetByValue() returns the keys in a Set whose iterator will iterate over the keys in ascending order by their corresponding values.

Collection valuesByValue() returns the values in a Collection whose iterator will iterate over the values in ascending order.

Author:
  Marc Johnson (mjohnson at apache dot org)

Nested Class Summary

Nested classes/interfaces inherited from interface java.util.Map
`java.util.Map.Entry`

Constructor Summary
`BinaryTree()` Construct a new BinaryTree
`BinaryTree(java.util.Map map)` Constructs a new BinaryTree from an existing Map, with keys and values sorted

Method Summary
`void` | `clear()` Removes all mappings from this map
`boolean` | `containsKey(java.lang.Object key)` Returns true if this map contains a mapping for the specified key.
`boolean` | `containsValue(java.lang.Object value)` Returns true if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value.
`java.util.Set` | `entrySet()` Returns a set view of the mappings contained in this map.
`java.util.Set` | `entrySetByValue()` Returns a set view of the mappings contained in this map.
`java.lang.Object` | `get(java.lang.Object key)` Returns the value to which this map maps the specified key.
`java.lang.Object` | `getKeyForValue(java.lang.Object value)` Returns the key to which this map maps the specified value.
`java.util.Set` | `keySet()` Returns a set view of the keys contained in this map.
`java.util.Set` | `keySetByValue()` Returns a set view of the keys contained in this map.
`org.apache.poi.util.BinaryTree.Node` | `lookup(java.lang.Comparable data, int index)` do the actual lookup of a piece of data
`java.lang.Object` | `put(java.lang.Object key, java.lang.Object value)` Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map.
`java.lang.Object` | `remove(java.lang.Object key)` Removes the mapping for this key from this map if present
`java.lang.Object` | `removeValue(java.lang.Object value)` Removes the mapping for this value from this map if present
`int` | `size()` Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map.
`java.util.Collection` | `values()` Returns a collection view of the values contained in this map.
`java.util.Collection` | `valuesByValue()` Returns a collection view of the values contained in this map.

Methods inherited from class java.util.AbstractMap
`equals, hashCode, isEmpty, putAll, toString`

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

Constructor Detail

### BinaryTree

    public BinaryTree()

  Construct a new BinaryTree

### BinaryTree

    public BinaryTree(java.util.Map map)
               throws java.lang.ClassCastException,
                      java.lang.NullPointerException,
                      java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Constructs a new BinaryTree from an existing Map, with keys and values sorted

  Parameters:
    `map` - the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map.
  Throws:
    `java.lang.ClassCastException` - if the keys in the map are not Comparable, or are not mutually comparable; also if the values in the map are not Comparable, or are not mutually Comparable
    `java.lang.NullPointerException` - if any key or value in the map is null
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if there are duplicate keys or duplicate values in the map

Method Detail

### getKeyForValue

    public java.lang.Object getKeyForValue(java.lang.Object value)
                                    throws java.lang.ClassCastException,
                                           java.lang.NullPointerException

  Returns the key to which this map maps the specified value. Returns null if the map contains no mapping for this value.

  Parameters:
    `value` - value whose associated key is to be returned.
  Returns:
    the key to which this map maps the specified value, or null if the map contains no mapping for this value.
  Throws:
    `java.lang.ClassCastException` - if the value is of an inappropriate type for this map.
    `java.lang.NullPointerException` - if the value is null

### removeValue

    public java.lang.Object removeValue(java.lang.Object value)

  Removes the mapping for this value from this map if present

  Parameters:
    `value` - value whose mapping is to be removed from the map.
  Returns:
    previous key associated with specified value, or null if there was no mapping for value.

### entrySetByValue

    public java.util.Set entrySetByValue()

  Returns a set view of the mappings contained in this map. Each element in the returned set is a Map.Entry. The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified while an iteration over the set is in progress, the results of the iteration are undefined. The set supports element removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the Iterator.remove, Set.remove, removeAll, retainAll and clear operations. It does not support the add or addAll operations.

  The difference between this method and entrySet is that entrySet's iterator() method returns an iterator that iterates over the mappings in ascending order by key. This method's iterator method iterates over the mappings in ascending order by value.

  Returns:
    a set view of the mappings contained in this map.

### keySetByValue

    public java.util.Set keySetByValue()

  Returns a set view of the keys contained in this map. The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified while an iteration over the set is in progress, the results of the iteration are undefined. The set supports element removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the Iterator.remove, Set.remove, removeAll, retainAll, and clear operations. It does not support the add or addAll operations.

  The difference between this method and keySet is that keySet's iterator() method returns an iterator that iterates over the keys in ascending order by key. This method's iterator method iterates over the keys in ascending order by value.

  Returns:
    a set view of the keys contained in this map.

### valuesByValue

    public java.util.Collection valuesByValue()

  Returns a collection view of the values contained in this map. The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the collection, and vice-versa. If the map is modified while an iteration over the collection is in progress, the results of the iteration are undefined. The collection supports element removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the Iterator.remove, Collection.remove, removeAll, retainAll and clear operations. It does not support the add or addAll operations.

  The difference between this method and values is that values's iterator() method returns an iterator that iterates over the values in ascending order by key. This method's iterator method iterates over the values in ascending order by key.

  Returns:
    a collection view of the values contained in this map.

### lookup

    public org.apache.poi.util.BinaryTree.Node lookup(java.lang.Comparable data,
                                                      int index)

  do the actual lookup of a piece of data

  Parameters:
    `data` - the key or value to be looked up
    `index` - _KEY or _VALUE
  Returns:
    the desired Node, or null if there is no mapping of the specified data

### size

    public int size()

  Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map. If the map contains more than Integer.MAX_VALUE elements, returns Integer.MAX_VALUE.

  Specified by:
    `size` in interface `java.util.Map`
  Overrides:
    `size` in class `java.util.AbstractMap`
  Returns:
    the number of key-value mappings in this map.

### containsKey

    public boolean containsKey(java.lang.Object key)
                        throws java.lang.ClassCastException,
                               java.lang.NullPointerException

  Returns true if this map contains a mapping for the specified key.

  Specified by:
    `containsKey` in interface `java.util.Map`
  Overrides:
    `containsKey` in class `java.util.AbstractMap`
  Parameters:
    `key` - key whose presence in this map is to be tested.
  Returns:
    true if this map contains a mapping for the specified key.
  Throws:
    `java.lang.ClassCastException` - if the key is of an inappropriate type for this map.
    `java.lang.NullPointerException` - if the key is null

### containsValue

    public boolean containsValue(java.lang.Object value)

  Returns true if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value.

  Specified by:
    `containsValue` in interface `java.util.Map`
  Overrides:
    `containsValue` in class `java.util.AbstractMap`
  Parameters:
    `value` - value whose presence in this map is to be tested.
  Returns:
    true if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value.

### get

    public java.lang.Object get(java.lang.Object key)
                         throws java.lang.ClassCastException,
                                java.lang.NullPointerException

  Returns the value to which this map maps the specified key. Returns null if the map contains no mapping for this key.

  Specified by:
    `get` in interface `java.util.Map`
  Overrides:
    `get` in class `java.util.AbstractMap`
  Parameters:
    `key` - key whose associated value is to be returned.
  Returns:
    the value to which this map maps the specified key, or null if the map contains no mapping for this key.
  Throws:
    `java.lang.ClassCastException` - if the key is of an inappropriate type for this map.
    `java.lang.NullPointerException` - if the key is null

### put

    public java.lang.Object put(java.lang.Object key,
                                java.lang.Object value)
                         throws java.lang.ClassCastException,
                                java.lang.NullPointerException,
                                java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

  Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map.

  Specified by:
    `put` in interface `java.util.Map`
  Overrides:
    `put` in class `java.util.AbstractMap`
  Parameters:
    `key` - key with which the specified value is to be associated.
    `value` - value to be associated with the specified key.
  Returns:
    null
  Throws:
    `java.lang.ClassCastException` - if the class of the specified key or value prevents it from being stored in this map.
    `java.lang.NullPointerException` - if the specified key or value is null
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if the key duplicates an existing key, or if the value duplicates an existing value

### remove

    public java.lang.Object remove(java.lang.Object key)

  Removes the mapping for this key from this map if present

  Specified by:
    `remove` in interface `java.util.Map`
  Overrides:
    `remove` in class `java.util.AbstractMap`
  Parameters:
    `key` - key whose mapping is to be removed from the map.
  Returns:
    previous value associated with specified key, or null if there was no mapping for key.

### clear

    public void clear()

  Removes all mappings from this map

  Specified by:
    `clear` in interface `java.util.Map`
  Overrides:
    `clear` in class `java.util.AbstractMap`

### keySet

    public java.util.Set keySet()

  Returns a set view of the keys contained in this map. The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified while an iteration over the set is in progress, the results of the iteration are undefined. The set supports element removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the Iterator.remove, Set.remove, removeAll, retainAll, and clear operations. It does not support the add or addAll operations.

  Specified by:
    `keySet` in interface `java.util.Map`
  Overrides:
    `keySet` in class `java.util.AbstractMap`
  Returns:
    a set view of the keys contained in this map.

### values

    public java.util.Collection values()

  Returns a collection view of the values contained in this map. The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the collection, and vice-versa. If the map is modified while an iteration over the collection is in progress, the results of the iteration are undefined. The collection supports element removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the Iterator.remove, Collection.remove, removeAll, retainAll and clear operations. It does not support the add or addAll operations.

  Specified by:
    `values` in interface `java.util.Map`
  Overrides:
    `values` in class `java.util.AbstractMap`
  Returns:
    a collection view of the values contained in this map.

### entrySet

    public java.util.Set entrySet()

  Returns a set view of the mappings contained in this map. Each element in the returned set is a Map.Entry. The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified while an iteration over the set is in progress, the results of the iteration are undefined. The set supports element removal, which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the Iterator.remove, Set.remove, removeAll, retainAll and clear operations. It does not support the add or addAll operations.

  Specified by:
    `entrySet` in interface `java.util.Map`
  Specified by:
    `entrySet` in class `java.util.AbstractMap`
  Returns:
    a set view of the mappings contained in this map.

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